Menstrukturkan Pendidikan Etika Urut Melayu Tradisional Patuh Syariah: Tinjauan terhadap Pengamal Wanita Melayu di Kelantan

Structuring Shariah-Compliant Ethical Education in Traditional Malay Massage:A Survey of Malay Female Practitioners in Kelantan

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Traditional Malay massage is a form of indigenous physical therapy that remains relevant today, particularly among postpartum women in Kelantan. However, the growth of the traditional healing industry and increasing demand for such services necessitate an assessment of Shariah compliance, especially concerning the management of aurat (intimate boundaries), ikhtilat (gender interaction), the use of therapeutic materials, treatment recitations, and practices related to Islamic creed (‘aqidah). This study aims to structure a Shariah-compliant ethical education framework for traditional Malay massage through an exploratory investigation of female practitioners in Kelantan. Employing a mixed- methods approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving 50 female practitioners across nine districts, direct observation of treatment practices, and structured questionnaires measuring knowledge of fiqh of medicine and Shariah-based ethics. Findings indicate that most practitioners inherited their massage skills through family traditions without formal education in fiqh-based therapeutic ethics, leading to confusion concerning matters of creed, aurat management, the use of massage oils, and fee governance. This study highlights the need to develop an ethical education model grounded in the principles of tawhid, maqasid al-Shariah, fiqh of aurat, ruqyah shar‘iyyah, and halal certification requirements within the context of alternative healing. The proposed model is expected to professionalise traditional Malay massage practices so that they may evolve as a halal-compliant alternative health service that is legitimate, safe, and aligned with the contemporary needs of Muslim women.

Urut Melayu tradisional merupakan salah satu bentuk rawatan fizikal warisan masyarakat Melayu yang kekal relevan sehingga hari ini, terutama dalam kalangan wanita pascapantang di Kelantan. Namun, perkembangan industri rawatan tradisional serta peningkatan permintaan terhadap perkhidmatan ini menimbulkan keperluan untuk menilai pematuhan Syariah, khususnya berkaitan pengurusan aurat, ikhtilat, penggunaan bahan, bacaan rawatan serta amalan berkaitan akidah. Kajian ini bertujuan menstrukturkan pendidikan etika urut Melayu tradisional patuh Syariah melalui tinjauan terhadap pengamal wanita di Kelantan. Menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed-methods), data dikumpul melalui temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan 50 pengamal wanita di sembilan jajahan, pemerhatian langsung terhadap amalan rawatan, serta soal selidik berstruktur untuk mengukur kefahaman fiqh perubatan dan etika Syariah. Dapatan menunjukkan majoriti pengamal memperoleh kemahiran secara turun-temurun tanpa pendidikan formal berkaitan fiqh rawatan, menyebabkan berlaku kekeliruan dalam aspek akidah, aurat, penggunaan minyak urut, serta pengurusan caj. Kajian ini seterusnya menggariskan keperluan membangunkan model pendidikan etika berasaskan prinsip tauhid, maqasid Syariah, fiqh aurat, ruqyah syariyyah dan keperluan pensijilan halal dalam konteks rawatan alternatif. Model yang dicadangkan diharap dapat memprofesionalkan amalan urut Melayu tradisional agar ia berkembang sebagai sektor rawatan alternatif halal yang sah, selamat, serta sesuai dengan keperluan kesihatan wanita Muslimah kontemporari.