Metodologi Hadis Syiah: Analisis Kitab ‘560 Hadis dari 14 Manusia Suci’

Shia Hadith Methodology: Analysis of the Book of '560 Hadith from 14 Holy Men'

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Hadith is the second authoritative source in Islam after the Qur’an, yet its authenticity and purity depend on the discipline of sanad and matn as recognized by Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. This study examines the book “560 Hadiths from 14 Holy Figures” published by Yayasan Islam Al-Baqir, which functions as a medium for disseminating Shi‘a thought through a popular hadith compilation. Takhrij analysis reveals that out of 560 hadiths, only two are classified as sahih, one as hasan, two as da‘if, while the remaining majority are fabricated (mawdu ‘), despite being presented as authoritative religious references. These findings demonstrate an attempt to normalize Shi‘a hadiths within the broader public sphere, particularly as the text is published in Indonesian, marketed commercially online, and does not explicitly disclose its sectarian identity. Such circumstances risk misleading Sunni readers who are unaware of the epistemological differences between the two traditions, especially the
Shi‘a concept of al-ma‘sum—attributing infallible authority to figures other than the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This study underscores the necessity of critical screening of hadith literature and heightened awareness toward texts that subtly shape religious beliefs outside the recognized framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah.

Hadis merupakan sumber autoritatif kedua selepas al-Quran dalam Islam, namun keabsahan dan kesuciannya bergantung kepada disiplin sanad dan matan yang diiktiraf oleh Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah. Kajian ini meneliti kitab “560 Hadis dari 14 Manusia Suci” terbitan Yayasan Islam Al-Baqir, yang menjadi medium penyebaran pemikiran Syiah melalui karya popular berbentuk himpunan hadis. Analisis takhrij menunjukkan bahawa daripada 560 hadis, hanya dua hadis dinilai sahih, satu hasan, dua daif, manakala selebihnya merupakan hadis maudhu’, meskipun dipersembahkan sebagai rujukan agama. Penemuan ini membuktikan wujudnya percubaan normalisasi hadis Syiah kepada masyarakat awam, khususnya apabila ia diterbitkan dalam bahasa Indonesia, dijual secara komersial dalam talian, serta tidak menunjukkan identiti mazhab secara jelas. Keadaan ini boleh mengelirukan pembaca Sunni yang tidak mengetahui perbezaan epistemologi hadis antara kedua mazhab, terutama konsep “almaksum” sebagai sumber periwayatan selain Nabi SAW. Kajian ini menegaskan keperluan penapisan ilmu hadis secara kritis serta kepekaan terhadap literatur yang berpotensi membentuk akidah secara halus melalui riwayat luar disiplin Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah.